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In Brief March 2010

Carboniferous amber


Geoscientist 20.03 March 2010


Plants when damaged secrete sticky resin, which fossilises into amber: I have previously noted the remarkable Amber Museum at Southwold, Suffolk1, where amber is commonly found on the beaches, dredged up from the floor of the North Sea. The captive insects in amber are remarkable2. Hitherto, amber has been associated with conifers and flowering plants and has been associated with Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks.

Now P S Bray and K B Anderson report Class 1 (polyabdanoid) amber from Carboniferous rocks3. This must have been produced by pre-conifer gymnosperms, which must have developed biosynthetic mechanisms to produce complex polyterpenoid resins, the biosynthetic pathways having developed earlier than previously believed (such ambers are typically produced by conifers and angiosperms). The species of plant that produced this early amber is not known, and the amber is not distinguishable from that produced by later angiosperms (flowering plants) which emerged 200 million years later, according to David Grimaldi of the American Museum of Natural History, in the same issue of Science4 . However it probably did not survive into modern times.

Refs:

  1. McCall, J. 2005. Southwold amber. Geoscientist 15(12); 9
  2. Ross, A. 1998. Amber: the natural time capsule. Natural History Museum, London; 73 pp.
  3. Bray, P.S., Anderson, K.B. 2009. Identification of Carboniferous (320 Million Year Old) Amber. Science 326(5949); 132-134.
  4. Grimaldi, D. 2009.Pushing back amber production. Science 326(5949); 51


Dr Brian Mason – an appreciation


Dr Brian MasonDr Brian Mason has died in America, aged 92. A New Zealander, he was awarded a grant to study in Norway under V M Goldschmidt, and went there in early 1939. When Norway was invaded, he escaped to Sweden, and was taken in by Percy Quesnel of Stockholm, to work on quite different mineralogical research. Goldschmidt crossed later to Sweden, and Brian was secretly taken to be reunited. He was awarded his doctorate by the Swedish monarch. Sweden, although neutral, was flying ball-bearings secretly to Aberdeen and in 1943, Brian got to Britain by air with them, and back to New Zealand in 1944. (Goldschmidt also got to Aberdeen.)

After a lecturing career – he could lecture ‘at the drop of a hat’ – he went to the USA and was appointed curator of minerals at the American Museum of Natural History, where his first work was on meteorites. He moved later to the Smithsonian as curator of meteorites. He wrote a brilliant book about them and carried out many important researches, especially on the Allende (Mexico) fall. At the age of 55, in 1976, he really came into his own with the USA Antarctic programme, following the initial Japanese finds in Yamato Mountains in 1969, and he is reported to have examined thin sections of, and described, every stony meteorite, brought back to the Smithsonian, where thin sections of every one were delivered.

I myself fell by chance into the role of part-time unpaid curator of meteorites, with John de Laeter, in 1962 at the Western Australian Museum. Ireceived nothing but generous help and encouragement from Brian: he was a lovely, kind man, always good company and most entertaining in conversation. He inspired me to maintain a lifelong interest in meteoritics as well as the more usual preoccupations of geologists. I have lost a great friend.